Below is every ingredient in Naturali Radiant Glow Face Serum explained, its standout actives, and the side effects reported in research for those actives — analysed for Indian skin.
Flags derived from the ingredient list using dermatology reference data (fungal-acne substrate, comedogenicity, EU allergens). General guidance, not a diagnosis.
Answers are derived from the printed ingredient list and dermatology reference data — general guidance, not a diagnosis or a therapeutic claim.
Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a water-soluble active that supports the skin barrier, regulates sebum, brightens hyperpigmentation, and reduces inflammation. It is widely tolerated across skin types and used in concentrations commonly ranging from 2% to 10%.
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate is a stable, water-soluble derivative of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that is converted to active ascorbic acid in the skin. It provides antioxidant protection, supports collagen synthesis, and is also studied for its brightening and anti-acne (antibacterial) effects.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa, used in topical skincare for its reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sebum-regulating properties. It is studied for conditions such as acne, eczema, and inflammatory skin disorders.
Nannochloropsis Oculata Extract is a microalgae-derived ingredient rich in polysaccharides, fatty acids (notably EPA), carotenoids, and vitamins, used in skincare for antioxidant, moisturizing, and skin-firming/conditioning effects. It is often promoted for improving elasticity and protecting against environmental oxidative stress.
Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Culture Extract is a plant stem cell extract derived from a Swiss apple variety, marketed for antioxidant protection and to support the longevity and vitality of skin cells. It is commonly included in anti-aging formulations to help reduce signs of oxidative stress and photoaging.
Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is a plant-derived ingredient rich in compounds such as bisabolol, chamazulene, and flavonoids, valued for its skin-calming and antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in topical formulations to reduce redness and irritation.
Aggregated from the active ingredients in this product.
| Reported effect | How often | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Skin dryness or barrier disruption with excessive contact | Uncommon | Frequent or prolonged exposure to water, especially hot or hard water, can disrupt the skin barrier and contribute to transepidermal water loss. |
| Irritation from impurities or hard water minerals | Rare | Reactions are attributed to contaminants, chlorine, or mineral content rather than water itself. |
| Mild transient stinging or irritation | Uncommon | More likely at high concentrations or on compromised/broken skin. |
| Tacky or sticky skin feel | Common | A cosmetic sensation rather than an adverse reaction, more noticeable at higher concentrations. |
| Contact dermatitis or allergic reaction | Rare | True allergy to glycerin is uncommon; patch-test positivity is infrequent. |
| Skin dehydration in very low humidity | Rare | In very dry environments humectants may draw water from deeper skin layers if not paired with an occlusive. |
| Mild transient irritation or stinging | Rare | Occasional sensitivity on application, generally in those with reactive skin. |
| Contact dermatitis / allergic reaction | Very rare | Possible in individuals sensitive to Asteraceae (Compositae) family plants, to which chicory belongs. |
| Redness or itching | Very rare | Isolated reports, usually resolving after discontinuation. |
| Mild skin irritation | Uncommon | Transient redness or stinging, more likely at higher concentrations or on compromised skin. |
| Allergic contact dermatitis | Rare | Documented in case reports and patch testing; sensitization is uncommon. |
| Contact urticaria | Very rare | Isolated reports of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. |
| Eye irritation | Uncommon | Can cause irritation on direct contact with eyes, relevant in eye-area products. |
| Skin irritation or redness | Rare | Generally well tolerated; mild irritation reported infrequently in sensitive individuals. |
| Temporary skin tightness | Uncommon | Related to its film-forming effect rather than a true adverse reaction. |
Frequencies reflect typical cosmetic use reported in the literature, not a guarantee for your skin.
| Ingredient | What it does |
|---|---|
| Water Solvent/vehicle | Water is the most common base ingredient in cosmetic formulations, serving as a solvent that dissolves other ingredients and forms the bulk of emulsions and aqueous solutions. It is generally considered safe and non-irritating. |
| Glycerin Humectant | Glycerin is a widely used humectant that attracts and retains water in the skin, helping to hydrate the stratum corneum and support barrier function. It is considered safe and well-tolerated across most skin types and concentrations. |
| Cichorium Intybus (Chicory) Root Oligosaccharides Skin conditioning / prebiotic humectant | Cichorium Intybus (Chicory) Root Oligosaccharides are plant-derived inulin-type sugars used in skincare as a prebiotic and moisturizing agent, supporting the skin microbiome and surface hydration. They are typically incorporated as a soothing, conditioning component rather than a clinically defined treatment active. |
| Phenoxyethanol Preservative | Phenoxyethanol is a widely used broad-spectrum preservative that protects cosmetic and skincare formulations from bacterial and fungal contamination. It is typically used at concentrations up to 1% and serves as a formulation/base ingredient rather than an active treatment. |
| Xylitylglucoside Humectant / moisturizer | Xylitylglucoside is a sugar-derived humectant, typically used in combination with anhydroxylitol and xylitol, that helps attract and retain water in the skin and supports the skin barrier. It is valued for its skin-hydrating and moisturizing properties in cosmetic formulations. |
| Pullulan Film-forming agent / texturizer | Pullulan is a naturally derived polysaccharide produced by fermentation of starch by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans. In skincare it forms a thin, breathable film on the skin, providing a temporary tightening or smoothing effect and helping to stabilize formulations. |
| Hydroxyethylcellulose Thickener/viscosity modifier | Hydroxyethylcellulose is a non-ionic, water-soluble cellulose derivative used to thicken, stabilize, and adjust the texture of aqueous cosmetic formulations. It functions as a gelling and film-forming agent rather than providing a direct biological skin benefit. |
| Anhydroxylitol Humectant / moisturizing agent | Anhydroxylitol is a sugar-derived (xylitol) humectant used in skincare to attract and retain water, helping to maintain skin hydration and barrier function. It is often combined with xylitol and xylitylglucoside to enhance the skin's natural moisturizing factors. |
| Heptyl Glucoside Surfactant / emulsifier | Heptyl Glucoside is a mild, plant-derived alkyl glucoside surfactant used as an emulsifier, solubilizer, and skin-conditioning agent in cosmetic formulations. It is valued for its gentle cleansing properties and good skin tolerance. |
| Niacinamide Key active Cell-communicating / barrier-repair active | Niacinamide (vitamin B3) is a water-soluble active that supports the skin barrier, regulates sebum, brightens hyperpigmentation, and reduces inflammation. It is widely tolerated across skin types and used in concentrations commonly ranging from 2% to 10%. |
| Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate Key active Vitamin C derivative / antioxidant | Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate is a stable, water-soluble derivative of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that is converted to active ascorbic acid in the skin. It provides antioxidant protection, supports collagen synthesis, and is also studied for its brightening and anti-acne (antibacterial) effects. |
| Xylitol Humectant / moisturizer | Xylitol is a sugar alcohol used in topical formulations as a humectant that helps attract and retain moisture in the skin, and it may support the skin's microbiome and barrier function. It is generally well tolerated and considered safe for topical use. |
| Cannabidiol Key active Antioxidant / anti-inflammatory | Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid derived from Cannabis sativa, used in topical skincare for its reported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and sebum-regulating properties. It is studied for conditions such as acne, eczema, and inflammatory skin disorders. |
| Nannochloropsis Oculata Extract Key active Antioxidant / skin-conditioning | Nannochloropsis Oculata Extract is a microalgae-derived ingredient rich in polysaccharides, fatty acids (notably EPA), carotenoids, and vitamins, used in skincare for antioxidant, moisturizing, and skin-firming/conditioning effects. It is often promoted for improving elasticity and protecting against environmental oxidative stress. |
| Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract Soothing / hydrating botanical extract | Cucumis Sativus (Cucumber) Fruit Extract is a plant-derived ingredient valued for its hydrating, soothing, and mild antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in moisturizers, masks, and after-sun products to help calm and refresh the skin. |
| Ethylhexylglycerin Preservative booster / skin-conditioning agent | Ethylhexylglycerin is a multifunctional glyceryl ether used in cosmetics primarily as a preservative-enhancing agent and emollient, often paired with phenoxyethanol to broaden antimicrobial efficacy. It also acts as a deodorizing agent and humectant in skincare formulations. |
| Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Culture Extract Key active Antioxidant / skin-conditioning | Malus Domestica Fruit Cell Culture Extract is a plant stem cell extract derived from a Swiss apple variety, marketed for antioxidant protection and to support the longevity and vitality of skin cells. It is commonly included in anti-aging formulations to help reduce signs of oxidative stress and photoaging. |
| Sodium PCA Humectant | Sodium PCA (sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid) is the sodium salt of pyroglutamic acid and a component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF). It is widely used in cosmetics as a water-binding humectant to hydrate and soften the skin. |
| Sodium Benzoate Preservative | Sodium benzoate is a salt of benzoic acid used as a preservative in cosmetic and skincare formulations to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and fungi, particularly in acidic products. It is most effective at a pH below 5. |
| Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum Thickener/Stabilizer | Caesalpinia Spinosa Gum (tara gum) is a plant-derived polysaccharide obtained from the seeds of the tara tree, used in skincare as a natural thickening, gelling, and stabilizing agent. It improves texture and helps suspend ingredients in emulsions and gels. |
| Potassium Sorbate Preservative | Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid, used as a mild preservative to inhibit mold, yeast, and some bacterial growth in cosmetic formulations. It is most effective at acidic pH and is often combined with other preservatives for broad-spectrum protection. |
| Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract Key active Soothing / anti-inflammatory botanical extract | Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract is a plant-derived ingredient rich in compounds such as bisabolol, chamazulene, and flavonoids, valued for its skin-calming and antioxidant properties. It is commonly used in topical formulations to reduce redness and irritation. |
| Lauroyl Lysine Texture/skin-conditioning agent | Lauroyl Lysine is an amino acid derivative (from lysine and lauric acid) used in cosmetics primarily as a powder texturizer, anti-caking agent, and emollient. It improves slip, adhesion, and the silky feel of powders and other formulations. |
| Sodium Lactate Humectant / NMF component | Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of lactic acid and a key component of skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF), used to hydrate the skin and buffer formulation pH. It also has mild exfoliating and humectant properties that help maintain skin moisture and barrier function. |
| Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract Key active Antioxidant | Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract (green tea extract) is derived from the leaves of the tea plant and is rich in polyphenols, particularly catechins like EGCG. It is used in skincare for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and soothing properties. |
| Chlorella Vulgaris Extract Key active Antioxidant / skin-conditioning | Chlorella Vulgaris Extract is a green microalgae-derived ingredient rich in chlorophyll, amino acids, vitamins, and peptides. It is used in skincare for its antioxidant, moisturizing, and skin-conditioning properties, with some claims of supporting collagen synthesis and skin barrier function. |
| Sodium Hyaluronate Humectant / hydrator | Sodium hyaluronate is the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan that attracts and binds water to the skin to improve hydration and surface plumpness. Its lower molecular weight allows better penetration than native hyaluronic acid. |
| Xanthan Gum Thickener/stabilizer | Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide produced by bacterial fermentation, used in skincare as a thickening, gelling, and emulsion-stabilizing agent. It improves product texture and suspension of ingredients without contributing active treatment effects. |
| Gelidiella Acerosa Extract Antioxidant/Skin-conditioning | Gelidiella Acerosa Extract is derived from a red marine alga and is used in skincare for its antioxidant, moisturizing, and skin-conditioning properties. It is often included for protective and soothing effects on the skin. |
| Hypericum Perforatum Extract Key active Soothing/antioxidant botanical extract | Hypericum Perforatum (St. John's Wort) extract is a plant-derived ingredient used in skincare for its purported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-soothing properties, attributed to compounds like hypericin and hyperforin. It is sometimes incorporated into formulations targeting irritated or minor compromised skin. |
| Hypnea Musciformis Extract Humectant / skin-conditioning agent | Hypnea Musciformis Extract is a red algae (seaweed) derived ingredient rich in polysaccharides such as carrageenan, used in skincare for its moisturizing, film-forming, and skin-conditioning properties. It helps improve hydration and skin texture and may offer mild antioxidant benefits. |
| Sanguisorba Officinalis Root Extract Key active Soothing antioxidant/skin-conditioning agent | Sanguisorba Officinalis Root Extract is a botanical derived from the great burnet plant, valued for its tannin and flavonoid content that provides antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and astringent effects. It is used in skincare to calm irritation, support skin barrier function, and help control sebum. |
| Sargassum Filipendula Extract Key active Antioxidant / conditioning | Sargassum Filipendula Extract is derived from brown seaweed and is used in skincare for its antioxidant, moisturizing, and skin-conditioning properties. It contains polysaccharides, polyphenols, and minerals that may help protect against oxidative stress and support skin hydration. |
| Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate Natural preservative | Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate is a fermentation-derived ingredient produced by culturing Leuconostoc bacteria on radish roots, yielding antimicrobial peptides used as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives. It helps protect water-based cosmetic formulations from microbial growth while sometimes contributing mild conditioning properties. |
| Caprylyl Glycol Humectant / skin-conditioning agent and preservative booster | Caprylyl glycol is a multifunctional emollient and humectant derived from caprylic acid that helps hydrate skin and enhance the efficacy of preservatives in formulations. It is widely used as a stabilizing and conditioning base ingredient rather than a therapeutic active. |
| Punica Granatum Fruit Extract Key active Antioxidant | Punica Granatum (pomegranate) Fruit Extract is a botanical ingredient rich in polyphenols such as ellagic acid and punicalagins, used in skincare for its antioxidant and skin-conditioning properties. It is reported to help neutralize free radicals and support protection against environmental and UV-induced oxidative stress. |
| Tocopheryl Acetate Key active Antioxidant | Tocopheryl acetate is a stable, esterified form of vitamin E used in skincare as an antioxidant and conditioning agent. It is converted to active tocopherol in the skin, helping protect against oxidative stress and supporting the skin barrier. |
| Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil Emollient / antioxidant | Glycine Soja (Soybean) Oil is a plant-derived oil rich in linoleic acid, tocopherols, and phytosterols used in skincare to soften skin, reinforce the barrier, and provide mild antioxidant activity. It functions primarily as a base emollient rather than a targeted treatment active. |
| Pentylene Glycol Humectant / solvent / preservative-booster | Pentylene glycol is a glycol used in cosmetics as a humectant and solvent that also enhances the antimicrobial efficacy of formulations, helping reduce reliance on traditional preservatives. It improves skin hydration and aids the delivery and stability of other ingredients. |
| Alanine Amino acid / humectant | Alanine is a small non-essential amino acid used in skincare as a humectant and component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF), helping to maintain hydration and support the skin barrier. It is also used as a buffering agent and to improve the feel of formulations. |
| Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract Soothing/moisturizing agent | Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract is derived from the aloe vera plant and is used in skincare for its hydrating, soothing, and mild anti-inflammatory properties. It is commonly included as a supportive base ingredient rather than a primary treatment active. |
| Arginine Amino acid / pH adjuster & conditioning agent | Arginine is a basic amino acid used in skincare primarily as a pH buffer/neutralizer and humectant-like conditioning agent that supports skin hydration and barrier function. It is generally well tolerated and often paired with acidic ingredients to balance formulation pH. |
| Aspartic Acid Amino acid / humectant | Aspartic acid is a non-essential amino acid used in skincare primarily as a hydrating and conditioning agent, often as part of amino acid complexes or natural moisturizing factor (NMF) blends. It supports skin barrier function and helps maintain hydration. |
| Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract Soothing/anti-inflammatory botanical extract | Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract is a plant-derived ingredient used in skincare for its purported soothing, anti-inflammatory, and wound-supporting properties. It is commonly included in products marketed for sensitive, irritated, or compromised skin. |
| Castanea Sativa (Chestnut) Leaf Extract Key active Antioxidant / skin conditioning | Castanea Sativa (Chestnut) Leaf Extract is a botanical extract rich in polyphenols, tannins, and flavonoids used in skincare for its antioxidant and soothing properties. It may help protect skin from oxidative stress and support a calming effect on the skin. |
| Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Fruit Extract Key active Antioxidant | Coffea Arabica (Coffee) Fruit Extract is a polyphenol-rich botanical extract used in skincare primarily for its antioxidant properties, helping to neutralize free radicals and protect against environmental oxidative stress. It contains compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, and caffeine. |
| Glycine Amino acid / humectant | Glycine is a small amino acid used in skincare as a humectant and conditioning agent, supporting skin hydration and acting as a building block for collagen and natural moisturizing factor. It is generally considered well-tolerated and is often included as part of moisturizing or barrier-support formulations. |
| Histidine Amino acid / skin-conditioning agent | Histidine is an essential amino acid used in skincare as a humectant and skin-conditioning agent, helping to support the skin's natural moisturizing factor and antioxidant defenses. It may also help buffer formulations and bind metal ions. |
| Isoleucine Conditioning amino acid / humectant | Isoleucine is a branched-chain amino acid used in skincare as a skin-conditioning agent and humectant that helps maintain hydration and supports the skin's natural moisturizing factor. It is generally included in formulations to improve skin feel and barrier support rather than as a primary therapeutic active. |
| PCA Humectant / NMF component | PCA (pyrrolidone carboxylic acid), often as sodium PCA, is a naturally occurring component of skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF) that attracts and binds water to the stratum corneum. It is used in skincare to improve hydration and skin softness. |
| Phenylalanine Amino acid / conditioning agent | Phenylalanine is an essential aromatic amino acid used in skincare as a skin-conditioning and humectant agent, and is also studied for its role in melanin synthesis pathways. In topical formulations it generally serves a supportive, hydrating function. |
| Phoenix Dactylifera (Date) Fruit Extract Antioxidant / skin-conditioning emollient | Phoenix Dactylifera (Date) Fruit Extract is a botanical extract rich in polyphenols, flavonoids, sugars, and vitamins used in skincare for its antioxidant and moisturizing properties. It is generally regarded as a supportive conditioning agent rather than a primary clinical active. |
| Pinus Strobus Bark Extract Key active Antioxidant/soothing botanical extract | Pinus Strobus (Eastern white pine) bark extract is a polyphenol-rich plant extract used in skincare for its antioxidant and skin-conditioning properties. It is included to help reduce oxidative stress and provide soothing benefits in topical formulations. |
| Proline Amino acid / skin-conditioning agent | Proline is a non-essential amino acid and a key component of collagen, used in skincare as a humectant and skin-conditioning agent to support hydration and the skin barrier. It is generally well tolerated and often included in formulations for its moisturizing and structural-protein-supporting properties. |
| Rosa Moschata Leaf Extract Key active Antioxidant / skin-conditioning botanical extract | Rosa Moschata (musk rose) leaf extract is a plant-derived ingredient used in skincare for its antioxidant and skin-conditioning properties, attributed to polyphenols and flavonoids. It is typically included to support skin soothing and protection against oxidative stress. |
| Serine Humectant / amino acid | Serine is a naturally occurring amino acid and component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF), used in skincare to support hydration and help maintain the skin barrier. It is typically incorporated as a conditioning and water-binding agent rather than a clinical treatment active. |
| Threonine Amino acid / skin conditioning agent | Threonine is an essential amino acid used in skincare primarily as a humectant and skin-conditioning agent, helping support hydration and the skin's natural moisturizing factor. It is also a building block for proteins such as collagen and elastin. |
| Valine Amino acid / skin conditioning agent | Valine is a branched-chain essential amino acid used in skincare primarily as a humectant and skin-conditioning component, often as part of amino acid blends that support the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF). It helps maintain hydration and contributes to the protein-building constituents found naturally in the skin. |
| Hexylene Glycol Solvent / humectant | Hexylene glycol is a small glycol used in cosmetic formulations primarily as a solvent, viscosity-reducer, and mild humectant. It helps dissolve other ingredients and improve product texture rather than providing a direct therapeutic skin benefit. |
| Retinol Key active Vitamin A derivative / anti-aging active | Retinol is a vitamin A derivative that converts to retinoic acid in the skin, promoting cell turnover and stimulating collagen synthesis. It is widely used to address fine lines, photoaging, and acne. |
| Rosa Canina Seed Oil Emollient / antioxidant oil | Rosa Canina Seed Oil (rosehip seed oil) is a plant-derived oil rich in essential fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acid) and trace carotenoids, used to moisturize, support the skin barrier, and provide mild antioxidant benefits. It is also valued anecdotally for improving skin texture and the appearance of scars. |
| Colloidal Gold Key active Antioxidant / anti-inflammatory agent | Colloidal gold consists of suspended gold nanoparticles used in skincare for purported antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and soothing effects. Evidence for cosmetic benefit is limited, and it is often included as a marketing-driven luxury ingredient. |
| Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein Conditioning agent / humectant | Hydrolyzed wheat protein is a wheat-derived protein broken into smaller peptides and amino acids, used in skincare and haircare to improve hydration, film-forming, and conditioning by binding water and temporarily smoothing the skin or hair surface. It is generally well tolerated as a cosmetic functional ingredient. |
| Ubiquinone Key active Antioxidant | Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10) is a fat-soluble, naturally occurring antioxidant used in skincare to neutralize free radicals and support cellular energy production. It is commonly included in anti-aging formulations to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and oxidative skin damage. |
| Hydroxypropyl Cyclodextrin Solubilizer / stabilizer | Hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin is a modified cyclic oligosaccharide used in skincare to encapsulate and solubilize poorly water-soluble actives, improve stability, and reduce irritation or odor of certain ingredients. It functions primarily as a formulation aid rather than a therapeutic active. |
| Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 Key active Anti-aging peptide | Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 is a synthetic lipopeptide (also known by the trade name Matrixyl synthe'6) that signals fibroblasts to boost production of collagen, elastin, hyaluronic acid, and other dermal matrix components. It is used in topical formulations to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles and improve skin texture. |
| Calcium Gluconate Buffering/skin-conditioning agent | Calcium gluconate is a calcium salt of gluconic acid used in topical formulations as a source of calcium, a buffering agent, and a skin-conditioning ingredient. It is also notably used medically as an antidote gel for hydrofluoric acid burns. |
| Disodium Phosphate Buffering/pH adjuster | Disodium Phosphate is an inorganic salt used in cosmetic and skincare formulations primarily as a buffering agent and pH adjuster. It helps stabilize product pH and acts as an emulsifying or sequestering aid in various topical preparations. |
| Gluconolactone Key active Polyhydroxy acid (PHA) exfoliant/humectant | Gluconolactone is a polyhydroxy acid that gently exfoliates the skin surface, provides antioxidant and humectant benefits, and is often considered milder than alpha hydroxy acids. It is well tolerated, including by sensitive skin, due to its larger molecular size and slower penetration. |
| Glucose Humectant/skin-conditioning agent | Glucose is a simple sugar used in skincare primarily as a humectant and skin-conditioning ingredient, helping to attract and retain moisture in the skin. It can also serve as a substrate in formulations and contributes to the skin's natural moisturizing factors. |
| Polysorbate 60 Emulsifier / surfactant | Polysorbate 60 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier derived from sorbitol and stearic acid, used to blend oil and water phases and stabilize emulsions in creams and lotions. It functions as a formulation aid rather than a therapeutic active. |
| Sodium Phosphate pH buffer / emulsion stabilizer | Sodium phosphate is a salt used in skincare primarily as a buffering agent to maintain formula pH and as a sequestrant or emulsifier. It is considered a functional base ingredient rather than a treatment active. |
| Tocopherol Key active Antioxidant | Tocopherol (vitamin E) is a lipid-soluble antioxidant used in skincare to protect skin and formulations from oxidative damage caused by free radicals and UV exposure. It also functions as a skin-conditioning and emollient agent and can stabilize oils against rancidity. |
Key active = does the main work. Ingredient explanations are drawn from public databases & literature.
Peer-reviewed papers on the active ingredients in this product, via PubMed.