Fruit-based alpha hydroxy acids (such as glycolic, lactic, malic, citric, and tartaric acids) are water-soluble acids that loosen bonds between surface skin cells to promote exfoliation, improve texture, and address dullness and uneven tone. They are commonly used in concentrations from about 5% to 10% in over-the-counter products and higher in professional peels.
| Reported effect | How often | Notes |
|---|---|---|
Mild stinging or tingling on application | Common | Usually transient, especially at higher concentrations or lower pH. |
Skin irritation, redness, or dryness | Common | More likely with frequent use or higher strengths. |
Increased photosensitivity | Common | AHAs can heighten UV sensitivity; daily sunscreen is advised. |
Peeling or flaking | Uncommon | Dose-dependent and more pronounced with stronger formulations. |
Contact dermatitis or allergic reaction | Rare | May present as persistent redness, itching, or rash. |
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation | Rare | More common in darker skin tones following irritation or burns. |
Chemical burn or blistering | Very rare | Associated with high concentrations, very low pH, or prolonged contact. |
Frequencies reflect typical cosmetic use reported in the literature, not a guarantee for your skin.