Citric acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid derived from citrus fruits, used primarily to adjust and buffer formulation pH and as a chelating agent, and at higher concentrations as a mild chemical exfoliant. It can promote surface cell turnover and is sometimes included in antioxidant or brightening products.
| Reported effect | How often | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mild stinging or tingling on application | Common | Transient, more likely on broken or sensitive skin or at higher concentrations |
| Skin irritation, redness, or dryness | Uncommon | Associated with higher concentrations, low pH, or frequent use |
| Increased photosensitivity | Uncommon | AHAs can heighten UV sensitivity; sunscreen use is advised |
| Allergic or irritant contact dermatitis | Rare | Reported in sensitized individuals |
| Chemical burn or blistering | Very rare | Linked to misuse of high-concentration or very low-pH preparations |
Frequencies reflect typical cosmetic use reported in the literature, not a guarantee for your skin.